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2020中考英语精华知识点全汇总

2019-9-26 10:12| 发布者: 龙新教育教研组| 查看: 1747| 评论: 0

摘要: 相信很多备战中考的学员在不断的学习当中,中考英语的学习需要学员掌握一定的词汇,并且要了解英语的语法,才可以提高英语成绩,龙新教育为学员提供专业的知识,帮助学员高效学习。

  中考英语知识


  1、as…as…结构:


  You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.


  你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。


  2、(1)too…to与so…that sb.can’t…的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:


  The man was too angry to be able to speak.


  The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.


  (2)too…to…与not enough to句型的转换:


  He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.


  The book is too difficult for me to read.=


  The book is not easy enough for me to read.


  3、形容词原级表示比较级含义:


  约翰不象迈克那么笨。


  John is not so stupid as Mike.


  John is less stupid than Mike.


  John is cleverer than Mike.


  4、用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。


  John is taller than any other boy in the class.


  John is the tallest boy in the class.


  5、the more…..the more….表示“越……越……”:


  The more books you read,the wider your knowledge is.


  The more food you eat,the fatter you are.


  6、more and more….表示“越来……越……”:


  More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.


  Our country is getting stronger and stronger.


  二.中考考点—词组


  1.after,in这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思


  after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中


  如:She went after three days.她是三天以后走的


  in以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中


  如:She will go in three days.她三天以后要走


  2.how long,how often,how soon


  how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days,four weeks等)提问?如:How long ago was it?这是多久前的事了?


  how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—How often does he come here?—Once a month.他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。


  how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour,in two weeks等)提问?如:How soon can you come?你多快能赶来?


  3.few,a few,little,a little,several,some


  few和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”


  few和a few修饰可数名词;little和a little修饰不可数名词


  several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思


  some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few或a little,有时指更多一些的数量


  4.the other,another


  the other指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood>


  another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books.她已经拿了我的另外一本书


  5.spend,take,cost,pay


  spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading.她把整个晚上用来读书


  take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?


  cost指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?


  pay主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month.我按月支付租金


  6.among,between


  between的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows.在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。between有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)


  7.beat,win


  这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them.我们打败了他们。


  win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place.我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。


  8.agree with,agree to


  agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或what引导的从句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。


  agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed.我同意拟议的条件。


  9.bring,take,carry,fetch


  这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。


  bring作“带来,拿来”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work.下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。


  take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away,please.请把盒子拿走。


  carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.这辆巴士准载一百人。


  fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room.请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。


  10.each,every


  两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生。


  11.none


  none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在“主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is)afraid of difficulties.我们谁也不怕困难。


  12.too much,much too


  二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词/副词,不可修饰动词。如:It’s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。


  too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法


  (1)作名词词组如:You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了。


  (2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词如:Don’t drink too


  much wine.不要饮太多的酒


  (3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词如:She talks too much.她说话太多


  13.happen,take place与occur


  happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?。如:Whatever has happened to your arm?It’s all swollen.你的手臂怎么了?肿得好厉害!


  occur指有计划地使某些事“发生”,有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?


  事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday.事故是昨天发生的。


  take place指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。


  14.in front of,in the front of


  in front of的意思是“在……前面”。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。


  in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室里前部有一块黑板


  15.noise,voice,sound


  这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。


  sound作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound微弱的声


  noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise.另外一种污染是噪音。


  voice作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:He shouted at the top of voice.他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作“意见、发言权”解。如:I have no voice in the matter.对于这件事,我没有发言权。


  16.arrive,get,reach


  三者均可表示“到达”,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?


  get之后通常接介词to。如:When we got to the park,it began to rain.我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。


  reach是及物动词(较get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。


  三.情态动词


  1.考查情态动词表示“推测”的用法


  [考点快忆]表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must“一定;准是”,may“也许;可能”,might“或许”;表示否定推测的情态动词有:can't“不可能”,couldn't“不会”,may not“也许不”,might not“或许不”;can表示推测时不用于肯定句,may表示推测时不用于疑问句。


  2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语


  [考点快忆]回答must时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。回答need时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn't。回答may时,肯定答语用may,否定答语用mustn't或can't。


  3.考查情态动词的意义


  [考点快忆]must“必须”;have to“不得不”;need“必须;需要”;can(could)“能;可能”;may(might)“可以;可能”;shall,will(would)“将;会;愿意;要”;should“应当”。


  “had better(not)+动词原形”表示建议;have to/has to/had to的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词do/does/did。


  四.There be的句子结构


  There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,


  肯定句的形式为:There be+名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。


  be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:


  There is an eraser and two pens>There are two pens and an eraser


  (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。


  否定形式为:There be+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。


  There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫。


  There aren't any books


  (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there+(any)+名词+地点状语


  肯定回答:Yes,there is/are.否定回答:No,there isn't/aren't.


  -Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗


  -Yes,there is.有。


  -Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗


  -No,there aren't.没有。


  (3)特殊疑问句:How many...are there(+地点状语)


  某地有多少人或物回答用There be...


  有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two...


  -How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生


  (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much+不可数名词+is there+地点状语


  How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水


  五.中考对定语从句的考查:


  1.定语从句的功用和结构


  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:


  This is the present that he gave me for my birthday


  2.关系代词和关系副词的功用


  关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。


  <1>.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:


  I don’t like people who talk much but do little.


  The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.


  <2>.作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.


  The book that my grandmother gave me is called“The Great Escape”.


  <3>.作定语


  关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:


  What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?


  The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.


  <4>.作状语


  I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.


  三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法


  1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:


  The person who broke the window must pay for it.


  The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.


  2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:


  Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate?


  Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.


  3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:


  The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.


  I know the boy whose father is a professor.


  4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:


  A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.


  Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.


  5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:


  I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.


  Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?


  6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

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